MISCELLANEOUS

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosing and

Managing Vascular Surgery Patients: An

Experimental Study Using the GPT-4 Model

Vangelis G. Alexiou, MD,

1

Bauer E. Sumpio, MD,

2

Areti Vassiliou, MD,

1

Stavros K. Kakkos, MD,

3

George Geroulakos, MD

4

.

Hospital, Ioannina, Greece;

4

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens,

Greece

Objectives: The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to

groundbreaking advancements across many scientific fields. Machine

learning algorithms have enabled AI models to learn, adapt, and solve

complex problems in previously unimaginable ways. Natural language

processing (NLP) allows these models to comprehend and respond to in-

quiries in a natural and humanly understandable way. We sought to

investigate the application and performance of an AI chatbot in the diag-

descriptive statistics were produced, and means were compared across

topics. The reasoning and evidence used in the cases in which AI per-

formed poorly were critically reviewed.

Results: The AI model correctly answered over 65% of the 385 ques-

tions. Performance variation between and within 13 vascular surgery

topics did not show any statistically signi ficant differences. Analysis of

the questions where the model failed by more than 50% suggests a

gap in the ability to interpret and process multifaceted medical informa-

tion. Twenty-seven percent of these errors were attributed to a potential

lack of understanding of complex clinical scenarios. The AI model also

language models show promise as valuable tools for clinicians, it is essen-

tial to recognize their role as supportive mechanisms rather than stand-

alone solutions.

Author Disclosures: V. Alexiou: None; B. Sumpio: None; A. Vassiliou:

None; S. Kakkos: None; G. Geroulakos: None.

Endovascular Management of Pelvic Injuries

Nasser Algharem, MD,

1

Mohammed Almotlaq, MD,

1

Salem Al Obayah, MD,

1

1

Najib Garad,

Arabia;

2

Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objective: Pelvic vascular injuries are associated with significant mor-

tality and increasing morbidity. Pelvic injuries, often resulting from

trauma such as that incurred in motor vehicle accidents (Fig 1), war injury

(Fig 2), or falls can lead to complex vascular and orthopedic complica-

tions. Over the last nine years, we have treated pelvic vascular injuries

with embolization (Fig 2) and covered stents.

Methods: In this study, 110 cases of signifi cant pelvic vascular injury were

and studied.

Results: The anatomical classification was common iliac artery in 15

cases, external iliac artery in 21 (Fig 1), internal iliac artery in 32 (Fig 1), in-

ternal pudendal artery in 15 (Fig 2), and combined small an d possible

bone marrow pelvic bleeders in 60. Of the patients, 22 were women

and 88 were men, with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years. Significant

blood loss r equirin g bloo d transfusion was reported in 76 cases, and

PSA were found in 10 cases. The pelvic vascular injury was caused by

road traffic accident in 62 cases, surgery in 6, and war-related injury in

42.

Author Disclosures: N. Algharem: None; M. Almotlaq: None; S. Al

Obayah: None; A. Alwaresh: None; N. Garad: None; A. Farhan: None; H.

Salman: None; H. Balharith: None; A. Alyami: None.

Embolization of a Giant Renal Arteriovenous

Fistula: Case Report

Guilherme Almeida, MD,

1

Carlos Macedo, MD,

Filipe Terra, MD,

Helady Pinheiro, PhD,

tula (AVF) that remained unreported for 23 years after a percutaneous

renal biopsy.

Methods: Case Report:

A 35-year-old male patient had Berger’s disease that developed at the

age of 13. He had undergone a percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) of the

left kidney, which was uneventful and led to the diagnosis of Berger’s dis-

ease. A kidney transplant was performed without complications, and the

patient remained asymptomatic on immunosuppressants.

Twenty-three years later, an abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in

the left flank. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a giant